How much more can we do about air pollution?

Pollution and respiratory morbidity: how much do we accept?

How Much Do We Really Know about Criminal Deterrence

This Article discusses the deterrence of crime through sanctions. It begins with a brief intellectual history of deterrence theory in the work of Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham, two Enlightenment philosophers who created the conceptual foundation for later deterrence and rational choice theory. Although a prominent intellectual current by the end of the 1700s, interest in deterrence and rat...

How Much Do We Really Know about Growth and Finance?

Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta E C O N O M I C R E V I E W First Quarter 2003 D evelopment economics has changed profoundly in the course of one generation. Twenty-five years ago the emphasis among development economists was on planning and allocation mechanisms, which separated the development community from the core of mainstream market-oriented economics. Academicians who followed developme...

Spectral debugging: How much better can we do?

This paper investigates software fault localization methods which are based on program spectra – data on execution profiles from passed and failed tests. We examine a standard method of spectral fault localization: for each statement we determine the number of passed and failed tests in which the statement was/wasn’t executed and a function, or metric, of these four values is used to rank state...

Ramadan fasting: Do we need more evidence?

Over a billion of Muslims fast worldwide during Ramadan each year. Through this religious custom, fasting contributes to their health as well as their spiritual growth. However, available evidence regarding the health-benefits of Ramadan fasting is scarce and highly contentious. Although Islam exempts patients from fasting, many fast conceivably, and their clinical condition is prone to deterio...